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Хорватия
Площадь: 56 542 км 2
Население: 4 190 669 человек
Столица: Загреб
С кем граничит Хорватия по суше: 
Валюта: Куна (HRK)
Код страны в разных стандартах:
Стандарт EAN-13 (штрих код страны): 385 
Код на Олимпиаде : CRO 
Код FIFA : CRO 
Крупнейшие города и поселения
| Показано: 20 из 131 Хорватия — список городов и поселений |
|
| Название | Население |
 Загреб |
691 724 |
| Сплит |
175 140 |
| Риека |
143 800 |
| Осиек |
90 411 |
| Задар |
69 556 |
| Славонски-Брод |
58 642 |
| Пула |
58 594 |
| Карловац |
49 082 |
| Вараждин |
41 434 |
| Шибеник |
37 060 |
| Сисак |
36 785 |
| Каштела |
34 103 |
| Велика-Горица |
33 339 |
| Винковцы |
33 239 |
| Дубровник |
30 436 |
| Вуковар |
30 126 |
| Беловар |
27 783 |
| Копривница |
24 809 |
| Пожега |
20 943 |
| Джяково |
20 912 |
| подробнее о городах | |
Республика Хорватия — государство на западе Балканского полуострова в Европе, омывается водами Адриатического моря.
До нашей эры территорию покорили римляне. Славянские племена хорватов стали селиться на ней с VII века и вскоре образовали свое королевство. Путем монарших союзов в XII веке правление перешло к венграм, а после страну поделили завоеватели — венецианцы на западе и турки на востоке. С 1526 года вновь благодаря династическому браку правителями Хорватии до XX века стали Габсбурги. После Первой мировой войны Хорватия вошла в объединенное Королевство Сербов, Хорватов и Словенцев, которое вскоре преобразовалось в Югославию и распалось в конце XX века. С 1991 года Хорватия стала независимым государством.
Столица — Загреб, официальный язык — хорватский.
Административное деление на регионы
город со статусом жупании : Загреб.
жупания (20): Беловарско-Билогорская, Бродско-Посавская, Вараждинская, Вировитицко-Подравская, Вуковарско-Сремская, Дубровницко-Неретванская, Загребская, Задарская, Истрийская, Карловацкая, Копривницко-Крижевацкая, Крапинско-Загорская, Лицко-Сеньская, Меджимурская, Осиецко-Бараньская, Пожежско-Славонская, Приморско-Горанская, Сисацко-Мославинская, Сплитско-Далматинская, Шибенско-Книнская.
Хорватия в деталях
Следующие ныне несуществующие государства
частично или полностью занимали современную территорию страны:
Римская республика, Иллирийское царство, Римская империя, Франкское государство (Франкия), Византийская империя (Восточная Римская империя), Западная Римская империя, Королевство остготов, Аварский каганат, Первое Болгарское царство, Венецианская республика, Рашка, Османская империя, Дубровницкая республика, Французская империя, Австро-Венгрия, Германская империя, Югославия.
Средиземное море, Адриатическое море.
По территории страны протекают реки:
Дунай, Сава, Драва, Мура, Купа, Уна, Неретва, Требишница, Босут, Корана, Бедня, Лонья-Требеж, Чесма, Вука, Добра, Цетина, Глина, Сутла, Карашица, Орлява и другие.
Хорватия владеет крупными островами:
Крк, Црес, Брач, Хвар, Паг, Корчула, Дуги-Оток, Млет, Раб, Вис, Лошинь, Пашман, Шолта, Углян, Ластово, Корнат, Чиово, Олиб, Молат, Вир и другие.
Cro что за страна
The following list shows the countries of the world, according to international standard ISO 3166-1. Selected standard codes for the countries are shown. There is also an indication of which entities are or are not independent countries.
- Country name: As shown in «Administrative Subdivisions of Countries».
- A-2: Alpha-2 codes from ISO 3166-1
- A-3: Alpha-3 codes from ISO 3166-1 (synonymous with World Bank Codes)
- Num: Numeric codes from ISO 3166-1
- ITU: Codes assigned by the International Telecommunications Union
- GEC: Codes from the U.S. standard GEC
- IOC: Codes assigned by the International Olympics Committee />. These codes identify the nationality of athletes and teams during Olympic events.
- FIFA: Codes assigned by the F�d�ration Internationale de Football Association />
- DS: Distinguishing signs of vehicles in international traffic (oval bumper sticker codes)
- WMO: Country abbreviations used in weather reports from the World Meteorological Organization
- GAUL: Global Administrative Unit Layers from the Food and Agriculture Organization
- MARC: MAchine-Readable Cataloging codes from the Library of Congress
- Dial: Country code from ITU-T recommendation E.164 (international dialing code), sometimes followed by area code
- Independent: Country status, based on the CIA World Factbook. This column is just a superficial note, provided for convenience. I don’t care to
argue about it. For full details, please consult your favorite official source.
Sources and notes:
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) administers top-level domain names (.com, .edu, .org, and so on). The majority of top-level domain names are referred to as ccTLD, or country-code Top Level Domains. They include .fr, .in, etc. URLs with .fr as their top-level domain are supposed to be assigned to French individuals, organizations, and companies by a French administrative body. IANA has chosen to use ISO 3166 as a basis for the ccTLDs (see their list 
), and sticks to it very closely. It does, however, use .uk as well as .gb for the United Kingdom. It also allows .ac for Ascension Island (properly part of Saint Helena).
ITU — A number of Web pages say that the ITU country codes are being used, mostly to identify radio transmitter locations. The ITU Web site />has the list. These should not be confused with several other ITU codes, mostly numeric, which are used as dialing prefixes (e.g., ITU-T Recommendation E.164 />). The ITU code for Serbia and Montenegro recently changed from YUG to SCG . See also «Dialing codes», below.
GEC — The GEC />page has an official U.S. government listing of codes. See the changes in GEC page for the change history. Eric Muller has created a website />that keeps track of changes in the GEC codes for primary subdivisions.
The GEC country list differs from ISO 3166 in many minor and sometimes surprising ways. It has assigned separate codes to Bassas da India (BS), Europa Island (EU), Glorioso Islands (GO), Juan de Nova Island (JU), and Tromelin Island (TE), tiny and mostly uninhabited Indian Ocean islands administered with the French Southern Territories; also, Ashmore and Cartier Islands (AT) and Coral Sea Islands (CR), Australian territories; and Clipperton Island (IP), which is administered from French Polynesia. It splits Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands into two countries (JN and SV). a It shows United States Minor Outlying Islands as nine countries: Baker Island (FQ), Howland Island (HQ), Jarvis Island (DQ), Johnston Atoll (JQ), Kingman Reef (KQ), Midway Islands (MQ), Navassa Island (BQ), Palmyra Atoll (LQ), and Wake Island (WQ). It treats Palestine as the Gaza Strip (GZ) plus the West Bank (WE); also, a code is assigned to No Man’s Land (NM), a small and winding band of neutral territory near Jerusalem. Since Kosovo declared independence, it has treated Serbia as Serbia proper (RI) plus Kosovo (KV). The 2004 edition of the CIA World Factbook explains why it has added country listings for Akrotiri and Dhekelia, two British military bases in Cyprus. They were assigned the GEC codes AX and DX, respectively, by FIPS Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11. At the same time, codes were added for the Southern Kuril Islands (a.k.a. Hoppo Ryodo) (PJ) and areas of undesignated sovereignty (UU), which overlaps with some other codes. The UU code was revoked in 2010-04 with the changeover to Geopolitical Entities and Codes. Finally, GEC allocates codes to the Paracel (PF) and Spratly (PG) Islands, two island groups in the South China Sea that are claimed by every country within shooting distance; ISO 3166 is noncommittal about the Paracels and Spratlys. When ISO split �land from Finland, GEC did not, so that is one more point of difference between them. The newer GENC standard has retained these variations, but uses ISO-like codes.
IOC — The International Olympics Committee code for Yugoslavia changed from YUG to SCG at about the same time as the ISO Alpha-3 code. Faroe Islands didn’t compete in the 2004 Olympics, but in the Paralympic Games they were identified by FRO rather than the former code, FAR. The code for Trinidad and Tobago changed from TRI to TTO in 2014.
FIFA — The FIFA (soccer) codes are taken from the FIFA website />, with supplemental codes as shown in Wikipedia />. There are a couple of discrepancies between the two sources. Notes: 1 The United Kingdom is covered by several codes: ENG (England), NIR (Northern Ireland), SCO (Scotland), and WAL (Wales). 2 Represents Tahiti. 3 Represents Ross Dependency.
DS — Have you ever wondered about those white oval stickers on cars, with a country code in them? They are provided for by Article 20 of the Convention on Road Traffic />(Geneva, 1949). Therein, they are called «distinguishing signs of the place of registration» of vehicles. There’s a list of them on this United Nations Economic Commission for Europe />page. However, some of the codes reported there are not the ones in actual use, because some countries are lax in reporting their codes to the U.N. Secretary General. Neil Parker, John Weeks, and Reg Wilson (of Europlate), in their book «Registration Plates of the World» (ISBN 0-9502735-6-2 paperback, 0-9502735-7-0 hardback), list the codes actually being used on vehicles. That list (as sent to me by Mr. Parker) is the primary source of the data given in the table above.
In recent years, unauthorized stickers have come on the market to promote various tourist areas. One of the earliest was MV for Martha’s Vineyard. Besides, when a code changes (e.g. Faroe Islands changed from FR to FO in the mid-1990s), the old stickers don’t disappear in a flash. Consequently, even direct observation may not be sufficient to establish the correct Distinguishing Sign for a country.
A Wikipedia user in Uruguay, MauriManya, says that the Distinguishing Sign for Uruguay has changed to UY «al adoptar el sistema unificado en todo el pa�s» (on the adoption of a unified system throughout the country).
The list of countries by Distinguishing Sign is a bit different from the ISO 3166 country list. Instead of Tanzania, there are Tanganyika (EAT) and Zanzibar (EAZ), dating back to before 1964 when the two countries united. There is even a code for Alderney (GBA), which is a dependency of Guernsey.
GAUL — GAUL is a relatively new initiative from the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), a specialized agency of the U.N. It aims to codify all the world’s statoids and their changes, from about 1990 on. So far it has developed data for countries, primary, and secondary divisions, including boundary data and entity codes. The entity codes are integers, assigned sequentially, with no duplication between layers; that is, no country has the same code as any primary subdivision, and so on. When an entity splits or merges, its code is dropped and new codes are created. However, the codes for its subdivisions remain the same. Therefore, there is no permanent relationship between the codes for an entity and those for its subdivisions; the system is not hierarchical. A revised set of codes is released annually. Some information about GAUL is at Description , PDF document , Presentation , and List of codes .
MARC — MARC is a standard for encoding bibliographic materials in electronic form. The Library of Congress maintains the MARC code list for countries . For background on MARC and a list of country code changes, see the changes in MARC page. In general, MARC country codes are two letters. For three countries, MARC provides three-letter subdivision codes. In these cases, the first two letters represent the state or province, and the third letter indicates the country. If the first two letters are xx , the code represents a location in an unspecified subdivision of that country. b There are five MARC codes that represent parts of United States Minor Outlying Islands: ji Johnston Atoll, xf Midway Islands, wk Wake Island, uc United States Misc. Caribbean Islands, and up United States Misc. Pacific Islands.
Dialing codes — In most places that allow direct-dialed international calls, you must first dial an international access code. For that reason, the E.164 country codes are often printed with a plus sign prefixed, as in +44-01632-496123. In the U.S., the international access code is 011, so you would dial 01144, etc., to reach that number. n Ascension Island’s code is 247 . p Kosovo has been given the code 383 , to take effect «by 2015».
The digits of a telephone number following the country code often have a geographical significance, and are often called area codes. Some lists of area codes for different countries can be found online. Here are a few such sites. All of these links are to other websites.
| Country | Codes |
|---|---|
| International | Codes |
| Bangladesh | Codes |
| Canada | Codes |
| India | Codes Codes |
| Lithuania | Codes |
| Madagascar | Codes |
| Russia | Codes |
| Tajikistan | Codes |
| USA | Codes Codes |
Misc. — The Educational Testing Service has a set of three-digit country codes in a PDF file .
The U.S. Census Bureau has a set of four-digit country codes — Schedule C />- for use in reporting trade statistics. The (PDF file) AID Geographic Code Book />lists region and country codes used by the U.S. Agency for International Development, along with GEC codes.
There are NATO standards called STANAG (for STANdardization AGreement), used to communicate military information among NATO members. STANAG 1059 is used for countries and other regions. The country codes are based closely on the ISO Alpha-3 codes. The Stanag code for Macedonia is FYR instead of MKD ; almost all of the others are the same.
The history of STANAG 1059 is hard to track. Its first Wikipedia entry was made in 2004, and referenced a seventh edition dated 2000 and an eighth edition dated 2003. The eighth edition became effective on 2004-04-01. The ninth edition appeared in draft form in 2005. A tenth edition was planned, but I can’t find it online. The first seven editions were closely based on FIPS 10-4 two-letter country codes. The eighth edition added ISO two- and three-letter country codes. It also listed primary subdivisions, with their ISO 3166-2 and FIPS 10-4 codes. All FIPS codes in this document are deprecated.
Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union, has modified the ISO 3166-1 standard to create its own Geonomenclature , or GEONOM for short. These codes are intended to be used in compiling external trade statistics for EU countries.
CountryCodes.CO , a website devoted to code lookups, has several codes not listed here.
All the nations you have made will come and worship before you, Lord; they will bring glory to your name. — Ps. lxxxvi:9.
Двух- и трехбуквенные коды стран и некоторых территорий
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