SegWit и Native SegWit (Bech32) — какая между ними разница?
Как наверняка заметили пользователи Ledger, при добавлении Биткойн-счёта в Ledger Live им предлагается три вида адресов — Native SegWit, SegWit и Taproot. Различить их достаточно просто. Адреса формата Native SegWit начинаются с «bc1», Taproot – с «bc1p», в то время как адреса SegWit начинаются с цифры «3». И хотя визуально разница ясна, давайте лучше разберёмся в этой теме.
SegWit (P2SH) и Native SegWit (bech32) — это не первые форматы адресов, которые поддерживаются Биткойн-счетами. Первым был формат Legacy, в котором адреса начинались с цифры «1». По мере роста курса Биткойна комиссии за проведение транзакций также начали расти. Однако скорость проведения переводов оставалась прежней.
Здесь на арену вышел SegWit
Предложение внедрить Segregated Witness или сокращённо SegWit стало предметом горячих споров. По сути первоначальная идея под названием SegWit2X была в том числе отклонена. Её в итоге заменили на то, что сегодня известно как SegWit. В августе 2017 года состоялся софтфорк, который в том числе внедрил поддержку SegWit. Его распространение быстро набрало обороты, и в итоге SegWit по сути стал новым стандартом адреса в сети Биткойна.
Итак, что же изменил SegWit?
SegWit, который также порой называют Wrapped или Nested SegWit, снизил размер данных в каждой транзакции. Добиться этого удалось благодаря отделению некоторых данных о подписи транзакции от самой транзакции. Благодаря снижению размера транзакций в один блок сети Биткойна можно поместить большее количество переводов. Это, в свою очередь, делает блокчейн Биткойна более масштабируемым, а транзакции в нём проходят быстрее. Более того, это мгновенно снижает размер комиссии за проведение каждой Биткойн-транзакции! SegWit также делает возможным внедрение решений масштабирования второго уровня. Это закончилось запуском сети Lightning Network.
SegWit против Native SegWit
Native SegWit также называют bech32. Это последний этап в развитии форматов Биткойн-адресов. Он стал даже более эффективным, чем его предшественник. А значит скорость проведения транзакций на фоне SegWit стала выше. Вместе с этим улучшилась масштабируемость и снизились комиссии за проведение операций. Наконец, bech32 более удобный в использовании, ведь в адресах данного формата применяются лишь строчные буквы. Именно поэтому это самый популярный формат из существующих — конечно, если он доступен.
Единственный минус bech32 заключается в том, что далеко не все популярные платформы успели добавить поддержку данного формата адресов. В то время как транзакции между форматами Legacy, SegWit и Native SegWit полностью совместимы друг с другом, некоторые биржи и кошельки всё ещё не поддерживают отправку BTC на адреса, которые начинаются с «bc1». В связи с этим при добавлении Биткойн-счёта в Ledger Live среди возможных вариантов адреса можно видеть Native SegWit и SegWit.
Итак, вы связались с криптовалютой и заинтересовались всеми винтиками в этом механизме? В таком случае у нас для вас кое-что есть! Обязательно ознакомьтесь с выпуском School of Block, который посвящён вариантам применения блокчейна.
Редактор в Ledger Academy. Писатель и исследователь технологии блокчейн и её применения. Любитель старой музыки, мотоциклов и поиска ответов на любые вопросы.
What is the difference between bitcoin segwit and native segwit
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What Is The Difference Between Bitcoin Segwit And Native Segwit. Whats the difference between SegWit and Native SegWit. The very first one was Legacy where addresses would start with a 1. Ledger Academy Bitcoin. Nested SegWit is a type of address which starts from 3 and offers full compatibility while providing some benefits of the native SegWit.
Bitmex Becoming A Global Powerhouse Facing Obstacles To Scaling Btcmanager Btc Trading Bitcoin Price Blockchain Cryptocurrency From ar.pinterest.com
Native SegWit is also referred to as the bech32 address it starts from bc1. SegWit P2SH and Native SegWit bech32 are not the first address formats to exist for Bitcoin accounts. Ledger Academy Bitcoin. The very first one was Legacy where addresses would start with a 1. SegWit is a protocol upgrade. The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address.
The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address.
It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. Segwit vs Native Segwit. SegWit P2SH and Native SegWit bech32 are not the first address formats to exist for Bitcoin accounts. This means having an even faster transaction speed versus SegWit transactions better scalability and even lower fees per transaction. SegWit is a protocol upgrade. Nested SegWit is a type of address which starts from 3 and offers full compatibility while providing some benefits of the native SegWit.
Source: ar.pinterest.com
Native SegWit — also known as bech32 — is the latest step in the address formats. SegWit P2SH and Native SegWit bech32 are not the first address formats to exist for Bitcoin accounts. It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. This means having an even faster transaction speed versus SegWit transactions better scalability and even lower fees per transaction. Native SegWit — also known as bech32 — is the latest step in the address formats.
Source: pinterest.com
The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address. The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address. Simply keep using the wallet normally and receive future coins in your SegWit addresses. Native SegWit — also known as bech32 — is the latest step in the address formats. This means having an even faster transaction speed versus SegWit transactions better scalability and even lower fees per transaction.
Source: in.pinterest.com
SegWit is a protocol upgrade. Whats the difference between SegWit and Native SegWit. Ledger Academy Bitcoin. The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address. Any change from outgoing transactions goes to native SegWit.
Source: pinterest.com
Segwit vs Native Segwit. Native SegWit is also referred to as the bech32 address it starts from bc1. SegWit P2SH and Native SegWit bech32 are not the first address formats to exist for Bitcoin accounts. Native SegWit — also known as bech32 — is the latest step in the address formats. Nested SegWit is a type of address which starts from 3 and offers full compatibility while providing some benefits of the native SegWit.
Source: pinterest.com
It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. Native SegWit is also referred to as the bech32 address it starts from bc1. Nested SegWit is a type of address which starts from 3 and offers full compatibility while providing some benefits of the native SegWit. Whats the difference between SegWit and Native SegWit. Ledger Academy Bitcoin.
Source: pinterest.com
SegWit is a protocol upgrade. The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address. Simply keep using the wallet normally and receive future coins in your SegWit addresses. Segwit vs Native Segwit. SegWit is a protocol upgrade.
Source: ru.pinterest.com
SegWit is a protocol upgrade. Native SegWit is also referred to as the bech32 address it starts from bc1. The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address. Whats the difference between SegWit and Native SegWit. This means having an even faster transaction speed versus SegWit transactions better scalability and even lower fees per transaction.
Source: pinterest.com
It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. SegWit P2SH and Native SegWit bech32 are not the first address formats to exist for Bitcoin accounts. It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. Native SegWit — also known as bech32 — is the latest step in the address formats. Simply keep using the wallet normally and receive future coins in your SegWit addresses.
Source: br.pinterest.com
Simply keep using the wallet normally and receive future coins in your SegWit addresses. Ledger Academy Bitcoin. It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. Simply keep using the wallet normally and receive future coins in your SegWit addresses. Native SegWit is also referred to as the bech32 address it starts from bc1.
Source: in.pinterest.com
It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. The benefits of SegWit are only used when sending from a SegWit address. Ledger Academy Bitcoin. Native SegWit is also referred to as the bech32 address it starts from bc1.
Source: pinterest.com
It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor. Whats the difference between SegWit and Native SegWit. Any change from outgoing transactions goes to native SegWit. The very first one was Legacy where addresses would start with a 1. It is even more weight-efficient than its predecessor.
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What is SegWit? An introduction to Bitcoin’s clever on-chain scaling approach
When Satoshi Nakamoto designed Bitcoin, he stipulated that the capacity of each block should not exceed 1M, and the number of transactions that can be recorded in each 1M capacity is extremely limited. In the earliest days, the capacity of each block of 1M was enough to cope with the transaction volume of the niche market, but when the number of bitcoin players surged, it became particularly congested.
For example, according to statistics, the Bitcoin network updates a new block every ten minutes. Subject to the 1M capacity, the number of transactions contained in each block does not exceed dozens of transactions at most. Currently, Bitcoin can process an average of 7 transactions per second. That means under special circumstances, there's a backlog of tens of thousands of transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain, and the transaction fee for Bitcoin transfers is as high as tens of dollars. When the network is congested, Bitcoin transactions can even take several days to be packaged.
Therefore, users in the encryption circle urgently needed an efficient technical solution to solve the problem of slow Bitcoin transaction processing. This solution would help to make everyone's Bitcoin arrive more quickly and with a lower transaction fee (the fee paid to the miners).
The solution arrived in the form of Segregated Witness (SegWit).
Introducing SegWit
SegWit technology was proposed by Bitcoin developer Pieter Wuille and other Bitcoin Core contributors in 2015 as a solution to the problem of transaction processing speed. In 2017, SegWit was officially used in the soft fork on the Bitcoin network, and the information processing capacity of a single block of Bitcoin was also increased by 1.7 times.
At present, the three major currencies — Bitcoin, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash — have all started to adopt SegWit. The benefits of adopting SegWit mainly include expanding block capacity, increasing transaction speed, and optimizing transaction scalability.
The technical principles of SegWit
Let’s take a look at the technical principles and implementation ideas of SegWit.
Professional players know that every piece of transaction information in Bitcoin is divided into two parts: basic transaction data and witness data. Transaction data records the account balance, and witness data verifies the user's identity.
Users generally care most about the core information related to assets such as the account balance, and the verification of user identity does not need to occupy too much cost in the transaction. In simple terms, the recipient of the transfer only needs to confirm that the asset is available, and does not need to know the details of the sender.
However, in the Bitcoin transaction structure, witness data — the signature information — takes up a lot of storage space, which in turn delays transfer efficiency and increases packaging costs. SegWit technology helps to extract the witness data from the transaction information and store it separately, which speeds up the transaction.
The main advantages of SegWit
Increased block capacity
According to statistics, signature information can occupy up to 65% of the space in a Bitcoin transaction block. It's possible that after adopting SegWit, the original block storage space will be released, and more transaction information can be processed.
Faster transaction rate
Similar to the idea of Ethereum layer 2, Bitcoin data is processed in layers to achieve the purpose of increasing the transaction rate. After adopting SegWit, the Bitcoin transaction system will concentrate more computing power and larger storage on the processing of transaction information. Compared with the previous burden, the burden is greatly reduced, and the transactions per second (TPS) rate will only increase, in theory. Data shows that after adopting SegWit, the average cost per transaction drops to $1.
Favorable Lightning Network
The Lightning Network is the most discussed Bitcoin layer 2 protocol expansion solution, designed to solve the scalability problem of Bitcoin off-chain.
The Lightning Network attempts to create a new layer of network on the Bitcoin blockchain, and at the same time set up a payment channel. As a result, under any extreme circumstances, large transfer transactions can be completed quickly and smoothly, which can be understood as off-chain data processing. However, SegWit quickly processes the data with the highest priority on the chain.
Relieving pressure for the implementation of the Lightning Network actually indirectly creates conditions for the Lightning Network.
It is worth mentioning that under the technical framework of SegWit, the transaction data and signature data are completely separated. Across the entire transaction processing system, the user's signature data is also excluded, so there's no possibility of transaction information being tampered with. One click eliminates the possibility of wrong information being permanently recorded on-chain. It also has positive benefits for the expansion and application of the transaction information repair program.
Additionally, SegWit is also seen as the first precursor to Bitcoin ordinals, expanding the limit on how much arbitrary data can be placed in a transaction, which allows for inscriptions to be engraved on each satoshi of Bitcoin. In 2021, Taproot created a system that makes it easier to store arbitrary witness data, and continued to expand the data limit placed in a Bitcoin transaction, enabling the birth of the Bitcoin ordinals non-fungible token that exists today.
How SegWit is applied
For ordinary users, there are three main benefits brought by SegWit technology:
- Safer: Higher security than ordinary addresses
- Faster: Expandable block capacity and faster transaction checking
- Cheaper: Transaction fees are lower than ordinary wallet addresses
So, how does this technology apply to ordinary users? Looking at your own wallet, if you use the isolated wallet address to complete the acceptance of Bitcoin transfers, you can actually enjoy the benefits explained above. Data collected at the end of August 2020 showed that the utilization rate of Bitcoin’s SegWit had reached 67%, meaning the current data must have reached a higher level.
At present, the address format of Bitcoin is mainly divided into four types:
Legacy
Legacy (P2PKH) format (addresses starting with 1) — traditional addresses.
Example: 1Fh7ajXabJBpZPZw8bjD3QU4CuQ3pRty9u
Bitcoin's original address format, still in use today. P2PKH means Pay To PubKey Hash (Pay To Public Key Hash).
Nested
Nested (P2SH) format (some address starting with 3) — multi-signature address.
Example: 3EktnHQD7RiAE6uzMj2ZifT9YgRrkSgzQX
P2SH (Pay-to-Script-Hash), payment script hash, that is, Bitcoin transaction input and output scripts, using redemption scripts and redemption script hashes.
Its address structure is similar to P2PKH, but it supports more complex functions than traditional addresses. P2SH script functions are most commonly used with multi-signature addresses, which can specify multiple digital signatures to authorize transactions. For example, an address starting with 3 is controlled by three people, and any two of them agree to initiate a transfer.
The above two addresses are traditional transaction transfer addresses and do not use segregated witness technology. Two mainstream segregated witness addresses are introduced below.
Nested SegWit (P2SH) format (addresses starting with 3) — segregated witness compatible address.
Example: 3KF9nXowQ4asSGxRRzeiTpDjMuwM2nypAN
Addresses starting with 3: Because the P2SH method is used for packaging, the SegWit compatible address also starts with 3, which can be recognized by old nodes.
You don't need to know whether the Bitcoin address starting with 3 is a multi-signature address or a segregated witness compatible address. You only need to know that the address starting with 3 is widely supported, and you can send Bitcoins to addresses starting with 1 and bc1.
Native
Native SegWit (Bech32) format (address starting with bc1) — native segregated witness address.
Example: bc1qf3uwcxaz779nxedw0wry89v9cjh9w2xylnmqc3
The Bech32-encoded address is an address format specially developed for SegWit. Bech32 was defined in BIP173 at the end of 2017. One of the main features of this format is that it is case-insensitive (the address only contains 0-9, az), so it can effectively avoid confusion and be more readable when inputting.
Since fewer characters are required in the address, the address uses Base32 encoding instead of the traditional Base58, making calculations more convenient and efficient. Data can also be stored more tightly in QR codes.
Bech32 provides higher security, better optimized checksum error detection code, and minimizes the chance of invalid addresses. Bech32 addresses are natively compatible with SegWit. No additional space is required to put SegWit addresses into P2SH addresses, so using Bech32 format addresses, the handling fee will be lower.
Bech32 addresses have several advantages over older Base58 (Base58Check encoding used to encode byte arrays in Bitcoin into human-encodable strings) addresses. With Bech32 addresses, QR codes are smaller, more error-proof, secure, and case-insensitive, and consist of only lowercase letters, making them easier to read and understand when typing.
Native P2WPKH / Native P2WSH (Bech32) format (address starts with bc1q) — Native segregated witness address.
Native P2WPKH example: bc1qmgjswfb6eXcmuJgLxvMxAo1tth2QCyyPYt8shz
Native P2WSH example: bc1q09zjqeetautmyzrxn9d2pu5c5glv6zcmj3qx5axrltslu90p88pqykxdv4wj
For version 0 segwit addresses, they always start with bc1q. With this generation of Pay-to-Witness-Public-Key-Hash (P2WPKH) address, the length of the P2WPKH address is fixed at 42 characters.
With the Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash (P2WSH) address, the length of P2WSH address is fixed at 62 characters.
P2WPKH is usually used in ordinary addresses, and P2WSH is usually used in multi-signature addresses.
In 2019, it was found that if the last character of a Bech32 address is P, and if one or more Qs are accidentally entered later, it can still pass the checksum verification and will not receive an input error prompt. The wallet software will assume that the address was entered correctly and allow the Bitcoins to be sent to the wrong address, making the Bitcoins unspendable, as explained above.
The good news is that Bech32 is only used for SegWit, and SegWit addresses have a length limit — they can only be 20 bytes or 32 bytes. Fortunately, if you type an extra Q after an address that is 20 or 32 bytes long, the entered address will be invalid because it exceeds the length limit. The wallet will see this problem and refuse to send Bitcoins.
It was originally suggested to introduce a similar address length limit for Taproot, but the solution mentioned below removes this need. A flexible address length is more helpful for us to improve Taproot in the future.
P2TR (Bech32m) format (address starts with bc1p) — Taproot address.
Example: bc1pqs7w62shf5ee3qz5jaywle85jmg8suehwhOawnqxevre9k7zvqdz2mOn
To fix the Bech32 bug, a new standard called Bech32m was proposed. Bech32m is actually a very simple change: an extra digit is added to the Bech32 checksum formula to ensure that any additional characters will generate an invalid checksum.
This new standard only applies to Taproot addresses and future addresses. Nothing has changed for SegWit addresses as they are already protected with a 20 or 32 byte length limit.
To fix the above shortcomings of Bech32, Bech32m addresses are proposed in BIP0350:
- For version 0 native segwit addresses, use previous Bech32
- For native segwit addresses with version 1 (or higher), use the new Bech32m
For Bech32m addresses, they always start with bc1p when the version is 1 (i.e. Taproot addresses).
The subtle differences between addresses
Looking more broadly, we can see other subtle differences between different addresses:
- SegWit compatible addresses (starting with part 3) save 24% transfer fees compared with traditional addresses (starting with 1)
- Native SegWit addresses (starting with bc1) save 35% transfer fees compared to traditional addresses (starting with 1)
- The SegWit address (starting with bc1 and part 3) can save up to 70% of the transfer fee than the multi-signature address (beginning with part 3)
- Taproot address, supports BTC NFT holding and Ordinals NFT new, the transfer fee is similar to the beginning of 3
The final word
SegWit is an important development for Bitcoin towards increasing the number of transactions per block the Bitcoin network could process. Additionally, it addresses a rare exploit relating to transaction malleability and adds greater programmability to Bitcoin, allowing further scaling solutions like Bitcoin’s Lightning Network.
Today, the OKX wallet has already supported users to adopt the isolated witness address when transferring and recharging, optimizing the user experience, reducing the usage fee rate, and increasing the transfer speed. At the same time, the OKX wallet has also fully supported the Taproot address that ordinals BRC-20 and BTC NFT rely on.
Bitcoin Segwit vs Native Segwit
Bitcoin Segwit vs Native segwit ? Everyone says that native segwit is better than segwit because it offers less transaction fees. But some exchanges and wallet don’t support native segwit addresses. Should you use segwit or native segwit ? Should you use segwit or legacy? Everyone has these problems in their minds. Don’t worry after reading this article you will get a very clear idea about Bitcoin segwit, native segwit and about legacy.
Table of Content
What is Bitcoin Segwit p2sh?
Everyone has heard the word Bitcoin segwit but a lot of people don’t know the correct meaning of Segwit. Let’s see what is Bitcoin Segwit.
- This is also called “nested segwit”.
- The term Segwit stands for “Segregated witness”.
- Segwit is a proposed update to the Bitcoin Software and it is designed to fix a range of serious issuesand Segwit is done usingBitcoin Fork.
- Segwit is a fancy way of saying “Separating Digital signature (witness) from the Block”.To understand this point you should knowhow bitcoin transaction works.
- The concept of Segwit is formulated byDr. Pieter Wuillein 2015.
How normal Bitcoin Block works
Normal Bitcoin transaction block includes different layers of data such as digital signature, transaction message and public addresses.